Mars - Wikipedia. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second- smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the . Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second- highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.

ESA Euronews: Earth as a planet Earth is the largest rocky planet in our Solar System, and the only body we know of capable of supporting life. Venus and Mars compatibility: an in-depth look at soulmate relationships through natal chart comparison. Connecting the karmic dots through astrology.

How can you get a grip on this slippery energy? Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so that the. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System and the second-smallest solid planet. Mars is rocky and cold, with polar ice caps of frozen water and. Ares (Mars) - Greek God of War. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera.

The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 4. Watch Sam Did It full movie with subtitles 4K 16:9. These may be captured asteroids. Future astrobiology missions are planned, including the Mars 2. Exo. Mars rovers.

To ensure that the information is accurate and accessible the site was separated into two components that reflect that state of the mission before and after the July.

The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior. Its apparent magnitude reaches . Optical ground- based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 3.

Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth's atmosphere. The red- orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron(III) oxide, or rust.

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2. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest. Venus' orbit is the most nearly circular of that of any planet, with an eccentricity of less than 1%.

Besides silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The average thickness of the planet's crust is about 5. The surface of Mars is primarily composed of tholeiiticbasalt. Regions of low albedo suggest concentrations of plagioclase feldspar, with northern low albedo regions displaying higher than normal concentrations of sheet silicates and high- silicon glass.

Parts of the southern highlands include detectable amounts of high- calcium pyroxenes. Localized concentrations of hematite and olivine have been found.

This paleomagnetism of magnetically susceptible minerals is similar to the alternating bands found on Earth's ocean floors. One theory, published in 1.

October 2. 00. 5 (with the help of the Mars Global Surveyor), is that these bands suggest plate tectonic activity on Mars four billion years ago, before the planetary dynamo ceased to function and the planet's magnetic field faded. Mars has many distinctive chemical features caused by its position in the Solar System. Elements with comparatively low boiling points, such as chlorine, phosphorus, and sulphur, are much more common on Mars than Earth; these elements were probably pushed outward by the young Sun's energetic solar wind. About 6. 0% of the surface of Mars shows a record of impacts from that era. There is evidence of an enormous impact basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars, spanning 1.

Moon's South Pole – Aitken basin, the largest impact basin yet discovered. The event, thought to be the cause of the Martian hemispheric dichotomy, created the smooth Borealis basin that covers 4. Noachian age surfaces are scarred by many large impact craters.

The Tharsis bulge, a volcanic upland, is thought to have formed during this period, with extensive flooding by liquid water late in the period. Hesperian period (named after Hesperia Planum): 3. The Hesperian period is marked by the formation of extensive lava plains. Amazonian period (named after Amazonis Planitia): between 3. Amazonian regions have few meteorite impact craters, but are otherwise quite varied.

Olympus Mons formed during this period, with lava flows elsewhere on Mars. Geological activity is still taking place on Mars.

The Athabasca Valles is home to sheet- like lava flows created about 2. Mya. Water flows in the grabens called the Cerberus Fossae occurred less than 2. Mya, indicating equally recent volcanic intrusions. These nutrients are found in soils on Earth, and they are necessary for growth of plants. The streaks are dark at first and get lighter with age.

The streaks can start in a tiny area, then spread out for hundreds of metres. They have been seen to follow the edges of boulders and other obstacles in their path. The commonly accepted theories include that they are dark underlying layers of soil revealed after avalanches of bright dust or dust devils. Radar data from Mars Express and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show large quantities of water ice at both poles (July 2. Huge linear swathes of scoured ground, known as outflow channels, cut across the surface in about 2.

These are thought to be a record of erosion caused by the catastrophic release of water from subsurface aquifers, though some of these structures have been hypothesized to result from the action of glaciers or lava. It is thought to have been carved by flowing water early in Mars's history. Features of these valleys and their distribution strongly imply that they were carved by runoff resulting from precipitation in early Mars history. Subsurface water flow and groundwater sapping may play important subsidiary roles in some networks, but precipitation was probably the root cause of the incision in almost all cases. The gullies tend to be in the highlands of the southern hemisphere and to face the Equator; all are poleward of 3. A number of authors have suggested that their formation process involves liquid water, probably from melting ice. This forms only in the presence of acidic water, which demonstrates that water once existed on Mars.

This finding was derived from the ratio of water to deuterium in the modern Martian atmosphere compared to that ratio on Earth. The amount of Martian deuterium is eight times the amount that exists on Earth, suggesting that ancient Mars had significantly higher levels of water. Results from the Curiosity rover had previously found a high ratio of deuterium in Gale Crater, though not significantly high enough to suggest the former presence of an ocean.

Other scientists caution that these results have not been confirmed, and point out that Martian climate models have not yet shown that the planet was warm enough in the past to support bodies of liquid water. During a pole's winter, it lies in continuous darkness, chilling the surface and causing the deposition of 2.

CO2 ice (dry ice). These seasonal actions transport large amounts of dust and water vapor, giving rise to Earth- like frost and large cirrus clouds. Clouds of water- ice were photographed by the Opportunity rover in 2. Frozen carbon dioxide accumulates as a comparatively thin layer about one metre thick on the north cap in the northern winter only, whereas the south cap has a permanent dry ice cover about eight metres thick.

This permanent dry ice cover at the south pole is peppered by flat floored, shallow, roughly circular pits, which repeat imaging shows are expanding by meters per year; this suggests that the permanent CO2 cover over the south pole water ice is degrading over time. With the arrival of spring, sunlight warms the subsurface and pressure from subliming CO2 builds up under a slab, elevating and ultimately rupturing it. This leads to geyser- like eruptions of CO2 gas mixed with dark basaltic sand or dust. This process is rapid, observed happening in the space of a few days, weeks or months, a rate of change rather unusual in geology – especially for Mars. The gas rushing underneath a slab to the site of a geyser carves a spiderweb- like pattern of radial channels under the ice, the process being the inverted equivalent of an erosion network formed by water draining through a single plughole. Volcanic plateaus delimit regions of the northern plains, whereas the highlands are punctuated by several large impact basins. They began by establishing that most of Mars's surface features were permanent and by more precisely determining the planet's rotation period.

Rather than giving names to the various markings, Beer and M. Albedo features are named for classical mythology. Craters larger than 6. Mars. Craters smaller than 6.

Large valleys are named for the word . For example, Nix Olympica (the snows of Olympus) has become Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus). The paler plains covered with dust and sand rich in reddish iron oxides were once thought of as Martian .

The dark features were thought to be seas, hence their names Mare Erythraeum, Mare Sirenum and Aurorae Sinus. The largest dark feature seen from Earth is Syrtis Major Planum.

After the spacecraft Mariner 9 provided extensive imagery of Mars in 1. Airy- 0), located in the Sinus Meridiani (. Zero altitude was defined by the height at which there is 6.

Pa (6. Watch online Mobster`S Guru in english with subtitles in 1440p here. 1. 05 mbar) of atmospheric pressure. Research in 2. 00.

Mars was struck by an object one- tenth to two- thirds the size of Earth's Moon. If validated, this would make the northern hemisphere of Mars the site of an impact crater 1. Europe, Asia, and Australia combined, surpassing the South Pole–Aitken basin as the largest impact crater in the Solar System. Mars is located closer to the asteroid belt, so it has an increased chance of being struck by materials from that source.

Mars is more likely to be struck by short- period comets, i. Jupiter. The volcano and related terrain are approximately 5. The shield volcano.

Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus) is an extinct volcano in the vast upland region Tharsis, which contains several other large volcanoes. Olympus Mons is roughly three times the height of Mount Everest, which in comparison stands at just over 8. The length of Valles Marineris is equivalent to the length of Europe and extends across one- fifth the circumference of Mars. By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is only 4. Valles Marineris was formed due to the swelling of the Tharsis area, which caused the crust in the area of Valles Marineris to collapse. In 2. 01. 2, it was proposed that Valles Marineris is not just a graben, but a plate boundary where 1. Mars a planet with possibly a two- tectonic plate arrangement.

Because light does not reach the floor of most of the caves, it is possible that they extend much deeper than these lower estimates and widen below the surface. The interiors of these caverns may be protected from micrometeoroids, UV radiation, solar flares and high energy particles that bombard the planet's surface. Both Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express have detected ionised atmospheric particles trailing off into space behind Mars. Compared to Earth, the atmosphere of Mars is quite rarefied. Atmospheric pressure on the surface today ranges from a low of 3.